Abdul Bubakar was the ruler of the Kingdom of Fouta Djallon in the late nineteenth century, which covered area of what is now Mauritania and Senegal. He sought to reorganize the Tukolor confederation to oppose further French advancement up the Senegal River. In 1877, Bubakar was forced to recognize a French protectorate over the province. Despite this recognition, he allied with Fula and Wolof neighbors to continue fighting the French until the 1890s.[1]